What remains a mystery is the exact location of Munda. Some Spanish historians assert Munda is the Roman name for Ronda, where the battle of Munda may have been fought (Rafeal Atienzas Huertas, 1857). Other experts assert Munda was fought in Osuna, in the province of Seville, about 50 kilometers north of Ronda (Pliny). Unfortunately, no archaeologist has definitively proved where Munda was fought. What is clear is that the Munda conflict was no mop-up operation. Tens of thousands of Romans died at Munda, where Caesar fought for his life among the ranks. After Munda, Gnaeus was executed and Pompeii's son Sextus survived to fight another day, as a leader of Mediterranean pirates based in Sicily, where he was caught by Augustus and executed in 35 BC, ten years after Munda.