Climate Change Advisor for Shell
Hello and welcome to my blog. There's lots said about why climate change now confronts us, and what it means, but the real issue is what to do about it. Plenty is said about that too, but there's not enough discussion on the practical aspects of implementation. Focusing on energy, that's what my blog sets out to achieve.
I have always worked in the energy sector and have had a long-term interest in environmental issues. My earliest foray into "journalism" was an article in our school science magazine...
More about me
COP21: A Pathway for 1.5°C »
17th December 2015
COP21: A success within the success
From the moment Laurent Fabius nervously banged his gavel on Saturday 12th December, the newswires, bloggers and analysts have been writing about the success of COP21 and the ambitious nature of the Paris Agreement. Without doubt, more will be written in the weeks and months ahead. But the deal was done and many parts made it possible.
In the end it is the detail and implementation that will count. One critical aspect of implementation received a major boost from a short but very specific piece of text within the Paris Agreement; Article 6 might just be the additional catalyst that is needed for the eventual emergence of a global carbon emissions market and therefore the all-important price on carbon.
The Paris Agreement was never going to be the policy instrument that would directly usher in a global price on carbon; carbon pricing is a national or regional policy concern. But the Agreement could offer the platform on which various national carbon pricing policies could interact through linkage, bringing some homogeneity and price alignment between otherwise disparate and independently designed systems. The case for this was initially put forward through collaboration between the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) and the Harvard Kennedy School in Massachusetts. A number of papers coming from the school underpinned a Straw-Man Proposal for the Paris Agreement, authored by IETA in mid-2014 and eventually published at the end of that year. The straw-man didn’t mention carbon pricing or emissions trading, it simply proposed a provision for transfer of obligation between respective INDCs, in combination with rigorous accounting to support said transfer.
. . . . . may transfer portions of its defined national contribution to one or more other Parties . . . . .
In addition, the straw-man proposed a broader mechanism for project activity and REDD+. The IETA team worked hard during 2015 building the case for such inclusions in the Paris Agreement. A number of governments, business groups and environmental NGOs came to similar conclusions; Paris needed to underpin carbon market development. After all, fossil fuel use and carbon emissions are so integrated into the global economy that only the power of the global market could possibly address the problem that has been created.
Roll on twelve months and the Paris Agreement now includes Article 6, which provides the opportunity for INDC transfer between Parties and a sustainable development mechanism to operate more widely and hopefully at greater scale than the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. In the case of the transfer, Article 6 says;
. . . . . approaches that involve the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined contributions . . . . .
While not exactly the same as the original IETA idea, it does the same job. Of course, like every other part of the Paris Agreement, this is just the beginning of the task ahead. The CDM within the Kyoto Protocol was similarly defined back in 1997, but it was not until COP7 in Marrakech in 2001 that a fully operational system came into being. Even then, the CDM still required further revisions over the ensuing years.
Exactly how the transfer between INDCs materializes in a UNFCCC context is not clear today, although such a transfer is a prerequisite for cross border linking, such as between California and Quebec or what might eventually become multiple US States and multiple Canadian Provinces. The good news for now is that the provision is there and its use can be explored and developed over the coming year before the COP convenes again in Marrakech in 2016. The eventual goal remains the globally linked market.
結果 (
日本語) 1:
[コピー]コピーしました!
シェルの気候変動アドバイザーこんにちは、私のブログへようこそ。多くの気候変動が突きつけられたとそれが何を意味するのか、なぜだが、本当の問題は何をそれについてす。たくさんは、あまりにもそれについてだが、実装の実用的な側面に十分な議論がないです。私のブログの設定達成するためには、エネルギーに焦点を当てください。 常にエネルギーの分野で働いているし、長期的な環境問題に興味を持っていました。「ジャーナリズム」の私の最も早い進出は私たちの学校の科学雑誌の記事.私についての詳細COP21: 1.5 ° C の経路»2015 年 12 月 17 日COP21: 成功の成功瞬間から Laurent ファビウスは神経質月 12 日土曜日、彼の小槌をきって newswires、ブロガーやアナリストについて書いている COP21 の成功とパリ協定の野心的な性質。疑いもなく、数週間、数ヶ月前より書き込まれます。しかし、取引が行われていたし、多くの部分はそれを可能にしました。最後にディテールとカウントされます実装です。実装の 1 つの重要な側面は、パリ協定; 内のテキストの短いが非常に特定の作品から主要な後押しを受け第 6 条は、世界の炭素排出権市場したがってカーボンのすべての重要な価格の最終的な出現のために必要な追加の触媒だけかもしれない。パリ協定が炭素の世界的な価格の到来を告げる直接政策手段にするつもりだったことがないです。炭素価格は、国または地域政策懸念です。しかし、契約は、様々 な国家炭素プライシング方針で、リンケージ、いくつか同質性・価格配置それ以外のさまざまなをもたらすことができる対話してシステムを独立に設計されたプラットフォームを提供できます。この場合も、国際排出量取引協会 (IETA)、マサチューセッツ州のハーバード ・ ケネディ ・ スクールとの連携により提言された最初。学校から来る枚数パリ協定のわら人提案を支え、2014 年半ば IETA が著した、最終的にその年の終わりに公開されました。わらの男はカーボン価格を言及しなかったまたは、排出権取引、それは単に当該転送をサポートする厳格な会計との組み合わせで、それぞれの INDCs の間の転送のための準備を提案します。. 1 つ以上他の当事者に. その国家拠出の一部を譲渡In addition, the straw-man proposed a broader mechanism for project activity and REDD+. The IETA team worked hard during 2015 building the case for such inclusions in the Paris Agreement. A number of governments, business groups and environmental NGOs came to similar conclusions; Paris needed to underpin carbon market development. After all, fossil fuel use and carbon emissions are so integrated into the global economy that only the power of the global market could possibly address the problem that has been created.Roll on twelve months and the Paris Agreement now includes Article 6, which provides the opportunity for INDC transfer between Parties and a sustainable development mechanism to operate more widely and hopefully at greater scale than the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. In the case of the transfer, Article 6 says;. . . . . approaches that involve the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined contributions . . . . .While not exactly the same as the original IETA idea, it does the same job. Of course, like every other part of the Paris Agreement, this is just the beginning of the task ahead. The CDM within the Kyoto Protocol was similarly defined back in 1997, but it was not until COP7 in Marrakech in 2001 that a fully operational system came into being. Even then, the CDM still required further revisions over the ensuing years.Exactly how the transfer between INDCs materializes in a UNFCCC context is not clear today, although such a transfer is a prerequisite for cross border linking, such as between California and Quebec or what might eventually become multiple US States and multiple Canadian Provinces. The good news for now is that the provision is there and its use can be explored and developed over the coming year before the COP convenes again in Marrakech in 2016. The eventual goal remains the globally linked market.
翻訳されて、しばらくお待ちください..
